As a general principle, the effectiveness of a HSV vaccine design is often inversely proportional to its safety. Vaccine-elicited protection against HSV is challenging to achieve due to the ability of herpesviruses to evade many aspects of the mammalian immune response. The 'Herpes Cure Research' has grown to 20k members and has raised funds for Fred Hutch's genome editing treatment and UPenn's mRNA vaccine research as well as forming a Herpes Cure Advocacy group in which the group is raising awareness on the health complications associated with HSV. However, in April 2020, a Subreddit group was formed to advocate for cure research and better treatment of HSV. However, governmental and corporate bodies seem to support the more recent and safer but possibly less effective approaches such as glycoprotein- and DNA-based vaccines.ĭue to the current stigma of the Herpes Simplex Virus, the topic of a cure has always been considered a 'taboo' whilst some also consider the symptoms to be mild that a cure or a vaccine is not needed. The fact that a live-attenuated vaccine induced better protection from HSV infection and symptoms is not new, because live-attenuated vaccines account for most of the successful vaccines in use today. Short of this ideal, a candidate vaccine might be considered successful if it (a) mitigates primary clinical episodes, (b) prevents colonization of the ganglia, (c) helps reduce the frequency or severity of recurrences, and (d) reduces viral shedding in actively infected or asymptomatic individuals. As of 2020, several vaccine candidates are in different stages of clinical trials, see list below.Īn ideal herpes vaccine should induce immune responses adequate to prevent infection. ĭue to the genetic similarity of both herpes simplex virus types (HSV-1 and HSV-2), the development of a prophylactic-therapeutic vaccine that proves effective against one type of the virus would likely prove effective for the other virus type, or at least provide most of the necessary fundamentals. Various vaccine candidates have been developed, the first ones in the 1920s, but none has been successful to date. There are many more virus members that infect animals other than humans, some of which cause disease in companion animals (cats, dogs, horses) or have economic impacts in the agriculture industry (e.g., pigs, cows, sheep, chicken, oysters). HSV-1 and HSV-2 are commonly thought of as oral and genital herpes respectively, but other members in the herpes family include chickenpox (varicella/zoster), cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Examples of particular herpes research include drug development, vaccines and genome editing. Herpes simplex research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure herpes, as well as fundamental research about the nature of herpes. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( June 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Please add such references to provide context and establish the relevance of any primary research articles cited. “Based on these results, it is our hope that this vaccine could be translated into human studies to test both the safety and efficacy of our approach.This scientific article needs additional citations to secondary or tertiary sources such as review articles, monographs, or textbooks. “We’re extremely encouraged by the substantial immunizing effect our vaccine had in these animal models,” says the study’s principal investigator Harvey Friedman, a professor of infectious diseases. No animal developed genital lesions and only two showed any evidence that they became infected, but the infection was not in a form that animals could transmit the virus. Similarly, 10 guinea pigs, which have responses to herpes infections that more closely resemble that of humans, were also given the vaccine and exposed to the virus. The one remaining mouse developed dormant infection without any prior genital disease. After 28 days, 63 of the mice were found to have sterilizing immunity, meaning there was no trace of herpes infection or disease after the exposure. In the study, researchers delivered the Penn-developed vaccine to 64 mice and then exposed them to genital herpes.

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